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3.may/might have v-ed

may/might have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“也許”發(fā)生了。may 比 might 表示的可能性在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)稍大些。例如：

I can't find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.

4.ought to/should have v-ed 和 ought not to/shouldn't have v-ed

ought to/should have v-ed 和 ought not to/shouldn't have v-ed 用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿(mǎn)”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該…”和“本不應(yīng)該…”。例如：

1）With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night.

2）You ought not to make fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

5.needn't have v-ed

needn't have v-ed 表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必要,意為“本沒(méi)必要…”。例如：

You needn't have waken me up； I don't have to go to work today.

注：表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：

I wonder how Tom knew about your past.

He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary.